chemical properties of
ethanoic acid
ethanoic acid
Ethanoic Acid ( /Acetic Acid :
- 5-8% solution of acetic acid in water is called vinegar.
- Pure acetic acid is called glacial acetic acid
| REACTS WITH | PRODUCTS | |
| 1. | SODIUM Na | SODIUM ETHANOATE AND HYDROGEN |
| 2. | SODIUM CARBONATE | SODIUM ETHANOATE, CARBON
DIOXIDE AND WATER
|
| 3. | SODIUM BICARBONATE | SODIUM ETHANOATE, CARBON
DIOXIDE AND WATER
|
| 4. | ETHANOL (IN PRESENCE OF CONC. SULPHURIC ACID) | ESTER AND WATER |
| 5. | NAOH | SODIUM ETHANOATE AND WATER |
esterification
Carboxylic acids react with alcohols in presence of few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid as catalyst and form sweet smelling compounds called ester.
Hydrolysis On heating with an acid or a base the ester forms back the original alcohol and carboxylic acid.
- Alkaline hydrolysis of ester is also called saponification.
Soaps and Detergents
- Soap is sodium and potassium salt of carboxylic acids with long chain.
- Soaps are effective with soft water only and ineffective with hard water.
- Detergents are ammonium or sulphonate salts of carboxylic acids with long chain. They are effective with both soft as well as hard water.
An ionic part (hydrophilic) and a long hydrocarbon chain (hydrophobic)part constitutes the soap molecule.
Long chain of carboxylic acid, hydrophobic ionic end, hydrophilic
Structure of a Soap molecule
Cleansing Action of Soaps
Most dirt is oily in nature and the hydrophobic end attaches itself with dirt, while the ionic end is surrounded with molecules of water. This result in formation of a radial structure called micelles.
- An emulsion is thus formed by soap molecule. The cloth needs to be mechanically agitated to remove the dirt particles from the cloth.
- Scum : The magnesium and calcium salts present in hard water reacts with soap molecule to form insoluble products called scum, thus obstructing the cleansing action. Use of detergents overcome this problem as the detergent molecule prevents the formation of insoluble product and thus clothes get cleaned.
Soaps and Detergents
- Soap is sodium and potassium salt of carboxylic acids with long chain.
- Soaps are effective with soft water only and ineffective with hard water.
- Detergents are ammonium or sulphonate salts of carboxylic acids with long chain. They are effective with both soft as well as hard water.
An ionic part (hydrophilic) and a long hydrocarbon chain (hydrophobic)part constitutes the soap molecule.
Long chain of carboxylic acid, hydrophobic ionic end, hydrophilic
Structure of a Soap molecule
Cleansing Action of Soaps
Most dirt is oily in nature and the hydrophobic end attaches itself with dirt, while the ionic end is surrounded with molecules of water. This result in formation of a radial structure called micelles.
- An emulsion is thus formed by soap molecule. The cloth needs to be mechanically agitated to remove the dirt particles from the cloth.
- Scum : The magnesium and calcium salts present in hard water reacts with soap molecule to form insoluble products called scum, thus obstructing the cleansing action. Use of detergents overcome this problem as the detergent molecule prevents the formation of insoluble product and thus clothes get cleaned.
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